chapter 13

濮嗗闂紝鈥滀綘浠彮涓婅皝鐨勬暟瀛︽垚緇╂渶濂斤紵鈥?br />

榛勬槒浜嗭紝绱ч棴鐫鐨勮タ紿楅噷閫忚繘鏉ヤ竴鏉熸鍏夛紝鑷潵姘撮緳澶村摋鍟﹀暒鐨勶紝姘翠篃鏄鐨勩傛暣涓嫮灝忕殑鍘ㄦ埧閮芥槸姍樼殑銆?br />

濮嗗灝辯珛鍦ㄨ繖鏉熸鍏夋褰撲腑媧楄媼鑿溿?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥潗鍦ㄦ瀛愪笂絳夊悆楗紝鍢撮噷榪樺毤鐫娉℃場緋栵紝濂硅錛屸滃簲璇ユ槸鐝暱錛岃鏅斻傗?br />

濮嗗鎶婅彍娌ュ共錛屾嫥寮鐓ゆ皵錛屾寜浜嗘娊娌圭儫鏈虹殑寮鍏籌紝涓鍗婄殑澹伴煶鐩栧湪鍣０閲岋紝鈥滄垜鏀瑰ぉ瑕佸幓鎵句綘浠彮涓諱換錛屾嫓鎵樹粬鎶婁綘璺熻鏅斿垎鍚屾錛屽儚浣犲皬鏃跺欒窡鍢夋爲錛屾湁鏍峰鏍鳳紝璇翠笉瀹氳繕鑳借繘姝ョ偣銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥病鏈夊搷錛屾場娉＄硸鍤煎緱澶箙鍙戠‖浜嗭紝涓鐐圭敎鍛抽兘娌′簡銆?br />

濮嗗鍝楀暒涓澹版妸鑿滃掕繘閿呴噷寮濮嬬倰錛屾補閿呭櫦閲屽暘鍟︾垎錛?nbsp; 濂圭炕浜嗕袱涓嬬洊閿呯洊錛屽槾閲屾帴鐫紕庣蹇碉紝鈥滃垰鍒氬垵涓鏁板灝變笉鍙婃牸錛岃鍑哄幓浜哄閮借絎戔︹︹?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥儚娌″惉榪涘幓錛岀壒鎰忎粠妞呭瓙涓婁笅鏉ヨ窇鍒板濡堣韓杈瑰幓錛屽緢涓嶆湇姘斿湴鍤峰毞錛屸滆鏅旀庝箞鑳借窡璧靛槈鏍戞瘮錛屽ス涔熷氨鍦ㄦ垜浠鏍℃垜浠彮綆楀ソ鐨勩傝檔鍢夋爲灝忓姣曚笟鑰冩暟瀛﹁嫳璇袱闂ㄦ弧鍒嗭紝涓闄勪腑閮芥病浜鴻兘姣旇繃浠栵紒鈥?br />

濮嗗涓嶇潿濂癸紝鑷【鑷巰璧烽攨鐩栨斁鐩愬張緲葷倰錛岄殧涓浼氬効紿佺劧鍥炶繃澶達紝鍗婂紑鐜╃瑧鐪嬪悜濂癸紝鈥滀綘鑰佸疄璇達紝浣犲皬鏃跺欐槸涓嶆槸嬈㈠枩浜哄鍢夋爲錛熲?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥劊浜嗕袱縐掗挓錛屽槾閲岃繛榪炩滃榿鈥濅簡涓ゅ０錛屾壄澶翠笉灞戝湴璺戝紑鏉ャ?br />

濂逛粠鎵撹繃铚＄殑鏈ㄥ湴鏉夸笂涓璺粦鍥炶嚜宸辨埧闂撮噷鈥斺斿叚騫寸駭鏆戝亣閲屾惉鐨勫錛岀埜濡堜笢鎷艱タ鍊熶拱浜嗕竴濂椾簩鎵嬩袱瀹や竴鍘呭晢鍝佹埧錛屽拰鐖風埛濂跺ザ鍒嗗紑浣忋傚湴鏂逛笉澶э紝瑁呬慨閮芥寜鏈綆鍗曠殑鏉ワ紝浣嗘槸濮嗗榪樻槸寰堝紑蹇冦傚懆鍥洯涔熷紑蹇冿紝鎼簡鍟嗗搧鎴匡紝緇堜簬鏈変簡鑷繁鐨勬埧闂達紝鍙鎶婇棬涓鍏充笂錛岄兘鏄ス涓涓漢鐨勫皬澶╁湴銆?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥媺寮鍐欏瓧鍙版娊灞夛紝鎷垮嚭涓寮犲彧宸秱棰滆壊鐨勬極鐢誨浘錛屾兂浜嗕竴鎯寵繕鏄崸鍦ㄦ墜閲岃窇鍑哄幓錛屽眮棰犲眮棰犳嬁鍒板濡堢溂璺熷墠錛屸滃濡堜綘鐪嬩綘鐪嬶紝緹庢湳鑰佸笀鍗曠嫭緇欐垜甯冪疆鐨勩傗?br />

濮嗗鎶婇キ紕楁悂妗屼笂錛屼笉浠ヤ負鎰忕灔浜嗕竴鐪艱錛屸滄湁浠涔堢敤錛岃兘闈犺繖涓悆楗悧錛熲?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥祵姘旇錛屸滀負浠涔堜笉鑳斤紝緹庢湳鑰佸笀璇存垜鏈夊ぉ璧嬶紒鈥?br />

濮嗗涓嶅姘斿湴娉煎ス鍐鋒按錛屸滀綘鍏堟妸鏁板璇昏濂斤紝鐜板湪娌℃湁鏂囧嚟鍘誨摢閲屾販銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥悂浜嗙敾绔簡紕椾笉鍐嶅搷錛岃鋒媺鐫鑴戣鏃犵簿鎵撻噰鎵掕搗楗紝濮嗗鍍忔槸涔熸湁涓浜涗笉榪囨剰錛屼粠鍙ｈ閲屾懜浜嗕竴寮犱簲鍧楅挶鍑烘潵鎼佹涓婏紝鈥滃枏錛屾槑鏈濇棭楗挶銆傗?br />

鍛ㄥ洯鍥灔涓鐪鹼紝榪樻槸緗皵涓嶆姮澶達紝榪囦竴浼氬効錛岃秮浜嗗濡堜笉娉ㄦ剰錛屽嵈寰堝揩鐨勬嬁榪囬挶鏉ュ鍒拌￥瀛愬彛琚嬮噷錛岄潰涓婁粛鏄笉楂樺叴鍦版拝鐫鍢達紝蹇冮噷鍗村繊涓嶄綇涓轟簡濮嗗澶氱粰鐨勪袱鍧楅挶涔愬紑浜嗚姳銆?br />

灝忓姣曚笟鍛ㄥ洯鍥洿鎺ュ崌涓婂湴鏂逛腑瀛︼紝姝ｅソ紱繪柊瀹朵篃涓嶈繙錛屽ス姣忓ぉ榪樻槸璧拌礬涓婁笅瀛︼紝璧拌繃涓鏉¤涓涓濺绔欎竴搴у叕鍥氨鍒版牎闂ㄥ彛錛屽崌鍒板垵涓紝涔熺粓浜庝笉鐢ㄥ啀姣忓ぉ鏃╂櫒鍚冩場楗叡鐡滐紝鐖哥埜鎴栬呭濡堥殧澶╁閲岀粰濂逛笁鍧楁棭楗挶錛屽ス鏃╀笂璺繃鐐瑰績鎽婏紝鑺變竴鍧椾簲涔頒竴鍙彍棣掑ご錛屼竴鍙尪鍙惰泲錛屼竴璺嬁鐫鍚冨埌瀛︽牎鍘伙紝鍓╃殑閽辨斁瀛﹁繕鑳藉幓灝忓崠閮ㄤ拱涔伴浂椋熸垨鑰呭皬鐜╂剰銆?br />

鍌嶆櫄鏀懼鍛ㄥ洯鍥蛋榪囪濺绔欏墠闈㈤偅鏉¤錛屽伓灝旀濂戒細紕板埌鍢夋爲涔熸惌杞﹀洖鏉ワ紝浠栫┛涓闄勪腑鐨勬祬钃濇牎鏈嶏紝姝ュ飽鍖嗗寙璧板湪澶曢槼涓嬶紝鎿﹁偐鑰岃繃鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鍛ㄥ洯鍥嬁鐪兼ⅱ鍓愬埌閭ｆ姽钃濓紝浜轟笉鏈濅粬鏈涳紝鍗村亸瑕佸惛寮曚粬娉ㄦ剰錛屾湁鏃跺欏毤鐫娉℃場緋栦笉鍋滃惞娉℃場錛屾湁鏃跺欐嬁鍒氫拱鐨勭翱瀛愬綋鎵囧瓙鎵囷紝鎴栬呮